South America Essay Example

South America Essay In spite of the fact that industrialization is equivalent with progress, in the cutting edge world it has likewise been the reason for some progressions of vitality and characteristic assets example of human settlement, social and financial setting of wellbeing and in the regular ecological constituents. There have been such huge numbers of occurrences in South America where lives have been lost, wellbeing harmed and genuine wounds incurred on the grounds that natural perils have been overlooked or the recognizable proof of dangers has taken excessively long. By comprehension and recognizing the dangers early and building up methods of evaluating and controlling existing and new natural risks benefits related with modernization might be appreciated without debasement of ecological conditions.These days South America is confronting different ecological issues. Among a few reasons for ecological contamination three significant causes affecting the earth of South America are1.â â â à ¢ â â â â â â â â â â Air pollution2.â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Water pollution3.â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Misuse of manures insecticides.(Lamb, 2006, 145, 1)Air pollutionAir contamination is a major issue which South America has looked for quite a long time. Because of air contamination level of oxygen in air is lessening step by step. Therefore expanding number of individuals is experiencing lung issues. Toxic gases in climate are executing little creatures feathered creature sand affecting human lives. The precipitation territories in businesses have scathing fumes these reason skin issues. In certain enterprises individuals work in fluoride condition .Continuous presentation to fluoride prompts an illness Fluoric in which bones and teeth are affected. Air contamination is likewise throwing extraordinary impact in vegetation of South America. The consequence of which is nearly less and unpredictable precipitation, which again causes dry ness and shortage of water. These causes soil disintegration due to which fruitfulness of land diminishes bringing about more loss of vegetation. The modern zones of South America like Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay seriously experience the ill effects of air and water pollution.South American nations have immense stores of mineral assets. Argentina has large amounts of store of coal, lead, copper and so on, Columbia is a main provider of emerald, and Venezuela leads underway and fare of oil outside Middle East, Venezuela positions eighth on the planet underway of precious stones. Mining is one of the significant occupations in nations of South America. Major ecological effects of mining tasks are: (I) corruption of land; (ii) contamination of surface and ground water assets; (iii) contamination of air. (iv) Deforestation including loss of widely varied vegetation; (v) restoration of affected populace including innate; (vi) impacts in verifiable landmarks and strict places.Prime rea sons for Air contamination are follows1.â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Poisonsâ bases lice Sulfure dioxyde, Nitrogã ¨ne oxydes, unpredictable hydro-carbons, etc.2.â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Carbon monoxidesâ and other Poisonousâ gases producing from factories3.â â â â â â â â â â â â â â  Carbon dioxide discharging from manufacturing plants when crude materials or fuel is copied increments worldwide warming.4.â â â â â â â â â â â â â â The Ozone layer in our environment is continually being affected by cfcs and pressurized canned products transmitted by electronic merchandise like fridges, forced air systems and Foam blowing factories.5.â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Methane gas emanating from open trash additionally contribute in expanding worldwide worming. (Sheep, 2006, 199, 1-6)Water pollutionDue to water contamination lives of amphibian plants and creatures are unfavorably influenced. Passings becau se of water conceived maladies are expanding step by step in South America.Poisonous sewage squanders, plastic bundles tossed in water bodies are slaughtering oceanic plants and animals.There are different reasons for water contamination, for example, squanders running from businesses and processing plants, septic tanks, oil discharge from water vehicles, squanders from building locales and so forth tossed in water bodies. The waterways on South Americaâ like Amazon , Parana , Uruguay , Salvadoâ streaming in mechanical regions of Argentina , Brazil getsâ profoundly contaminated with harmful squanders tossed from enterprises. Noxious pesticides utilized in farming territories get disintegrated in ground water and impacts human and animal wellbeing unsafely. Mineral separated interface with ground and surface water subsequently contaminating water assets. Loss of top soil because of deforestation likewise exhausts ground water assets and results in evaporating of enduring source s like springs and streams particularly in slope regions. (Sheep, 2006, 121, 1)Environmental contamination because of abuse of composts and pesticidesIn South America due to urbanizationâ â accessibility of agrarian terrains has diminished. To adapt up to this issue expanding yield considerably was important. To satisfy this reason utilization of composts and pesticides are expanding step by step. Pesticides can be partitioned into three subgroups in particular Insecticides, Fungicides Herbicides. Bug sprays contain Chlorine, Phosphorous, Carbonate synthetic substances, for example, DDT, Aldrin and so forth. Herbicides are commonly utilized for controlling development of weeds. These reason less damage to the earth than bug sprays. Case of Herbicides is Atrazine, Propachlor and so on. Herbicides don't leave long haul impact on soil. Fungicides are for the most part utilized in vegetable homesteads and plantations. The elements, for example, soil type, profundity of water table, d ownpour fall penetration and determination of compound in soil decide the section of any pesticide in ground water. Some water solvent pesticides get broke up in ground water and go into food and impact human and creature wellbeing. A few pesticides contain fragrant mixes which don't get corrupted effectively in the wake of washing foods grown from the ground. These pesticides alongside food cause wellbeing dangers. Water solvent pesticides cause malignant growth, birth imperfections and quality change. The majority of the rural regions of South America lie in Brazil. Brazil, the biggest nation of South America having 8,511,965 sq km region is primarily an agrarian nation. Farming records for about 9% of GDP. In certain zones of Brazil on the banks of Amazon River still crude techniques for horticulture are followed.â Use of composts and pesticides are restricted in these regions. Be that as it may, in waterfront territories of Brazil and Argentina, on banks of waterways Parana , Uruguayâ and Salvado current procedures of agribusiness are followed. Here manures and bug sprays are utilized broadly. (Sheep, 2006, 201, 2-7)Suitable solutions for control ecological pollutionThere are a few different ways to lessen natural pollution.Plantation of trees diminishes air contamination. Trees assimilate Carbon Dioxideâ â and give out oxygen. This keeps up barometrical equilibrium.Industrial contamination can be decreased by following steps.Applying cleaner creation implies methodicallly tending to all periods of the creation procedure and item life-cycle. Cleaner creation envelops vitality and crude material protection, decrease in the utilization of poisonous substances and item and procedure changes that diminish squanders and contaminations recently delivered. Every one of these choices have a similar point, to decrease the danger of human and the earth from mechanical Activities and utilization, and to do as such in the most practical manner conceivable. Just the control techniques, end-of-pipe (EOP) devises were concocted to take care of the issues of contaminated surface waters , inebriated air and different aftereffects of mechanical turns of events. EOP squanders, likewise less perilous than the crude squanders .Reducing household squanders in another approach to forestall natural contamination. Squander the executives incorporates taking measures with the goal that trash are not left open, reusing of waste items which fills both the needs ofâ sparing assets and lessening natural contamination. For example, reusing plastic packs, bottles and so forth , planning paper and composts from trash. The way toward making manures from house hold squanders is called treating the soil. The manures in this procedure progressively helpful in expanding soil ripeness. Help of non benefit associations could be taken for this reason. Specialized expertise could be taken from different nations in planning machines to explain this purpose.To diminis h water contamination Llma excrement can be utilized . This procedure is utilized in tin and silver mines of Bolivia to treat releasing toxic waters. In this procedure contaminated water is gone through manure beds of limestone and compost. Microscopic organisms living in this fertilizer assimilate acids in polluter water making it antacid. It was designed by Professor Paul Younger, educator of Hydro concoction Engineering at Newcastle University. U.K. Lima fertilizer is accessible in bounteous amounts in South America, creature cultivation being one of boss callings there.Another method of diminishing water contamination is collecting fish and shellfish. These ingest metal substance in water. Sea-going plants additionally fill this need. (Ruler, 2006, 119, 4)Measures taken by Government of India to illuminate ecological problemsTo diminish natural contamination as per the Forth Multi year plan an advisory group set up in January 1980, for looking into the current authoritative m easures and managerial hardware for guaranteeing natural security and for prescribing approaches to fortify them. In 1985 Ministry Of Environment And Forest was formedâ to fill in as the point of convergence in the authoritative structure for the arranging , advancement and coordination of ecological and ranger service programs. Numerous establishments identified with insurance of condition currently being directed by focal and state governments. For example, The Water ( counteraction and control of contamination ) Act,1974; The Air ( avoidance and control of contamination ) Act,1981;â Th

Coaching And Mentoring Has Been In Society Management Essay

Training And Mentoring Has Been In Society Management Essay Training and coaching has been in the public eye for a huge number of years in some structure or another. Training has been compared with directing and treatment as an enormous number of advisors have retrained to become mentors. In the only remaining century it turned out to be perpetually famous with an accentuation on life training, scholarly instructing, administrative training and sports training. Anyone can consider themselves a mentor or tutor and on the grounds that there is an absence of guideline and accreditation the result is issues with adherence and responsibility and no chance to get of really estimating its viability. Over the most recent 20 years industry and business have become tied up with the training and tutoring system. An overview by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (2011) demonstrates instructing and coaching to be an expanding action to improving execution and representative commitment. In view of this the mentor has a duty regarding giving information, through specialized capacity and expertise inside and out guaranteeing the protã ©gã ©s individual and expert turn of events. There are unpretentious contrasts among instructing and tutoring, yet scholastics would contend training is a component of coaching (Clutterbuck and Lane 2004). Anyway there is still a lot of disarray and Ives (2010) contended that the explanation behind disarray is the absence of formal definition. Another method of survey this is with Hawkins and Smith (2007, p39) who in correlation contend that various definitions can portray the region coaching may cover. The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development review proceeds to express that it is likewise confounding a result of hesitance by industry to lead formal assessment on their projects and what will its worth be inside organizations. There are various definitions for training and tutoring. Bax, Negrutiu, and Calota (2011 p323) specifies the job of a mentor as helping, appearing, giving criticism, clarifying and empowering. Alongside Linder-Pelz and Hall (2008, p43) who state training is tied in with, encouraging a customers execution, experience, learning and development. The International Coaching Federation (2011, p1) portrays a mentor as, giving target evaluation and perceptions that encourage the people upgraded mindfulness. Tutoring has been characterized as a connection between two individuals with learning and improvement as its motivation, (Megginson and Garvey 2004, p2) (refered to in Brockbank and McGill 2006). The most striking connection between's the definitions is the expression realizing, which best portrays a fundamental part to the relationship that makes training and tutoring unmistakable. Instead of Wallace and Gravells (2009 p10) who offer another option for tutoring as a drawn out duty and a more continuous procedure than instructing. It is in this manner recognized that during training or coaching some type of learning will happen. Subsequently this would demonstrate the mentor or tutor need to have a degree of skill, experience and preparing strategy. The European Mentoring and Coaching Council have distinguished their center capabilities inside their code of morals and Clutterbuck and Lane (2004) endeavored to recognize regular properties. Along these lines other administering bodies, for example, the relationship of instructing, the relationship of expert official training the worldwide mentor alliance have characterized their own variants further adding to the disarray. Simultaneously the examination led by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development overview (2011), and The Institute of Leadership and Management Creating an instructing society Report. (2011) accentuate instructing empowering influences inside business should be aware of the considerable number of plans and styles so as to finding the best key model. Hence likewise with most intercessions there should be a manual for helping social change, these are the structure squares of the different ideas and models. The GROW Model (Goal, Reality, Options, Will) is the most popular model for training. This model is an objective orientated model which is shortsighted, straightforward and use. It has been widely depicted by numerous creators including Whitmore (1992, 2003, 2009), Downey (2003), Clutterbuck, and Megginson (2005). They infer the model can be used by anybody without expert preparing, yet is inadequate with regards to a self-reflection process. The Chiumento inquire about report: Coaching Counts (2007) features the pattern of associations utilizing training models. The GROW model being the favored decision. As indicated by the writing the model takes into account the mentor and coachee relationship to be created and the person to create and deal with their objectives. Anyway it is utilized prevalently for a present moment and to address a business issue, improve singular execution, encourage the learning of new aptitudes, to set up a person for advancement or change. For the most part contextual investigations give instances of how the model is applied. In this manner examination is troublesome. Further instructing models are the system to encourage this change inside a person. The mentor by definition is the planner of the procedure and not only an educator. Instructing models are the toolbox for a mentor to build up the training relationship with a coachee. In any case, likewise with all toolboxs a mentor can gather an immense range of devices, however never build up the fitness to utilize them. Connor, M. Pokora, J. (2007 p12) states when a model is utilized it, gives a guide to the excursion, for both customer and mentor. That excursion is rarely straight and it is anything but difficult to get lost en route so there must be a procedure to alter course. To more readily characterize best practice the European Mentoring and Coaching Council delivered a code of morals (2008). This was an endeavor to normalize the wording, ability, uprightness, polished skill and structure. Tragically this is just one administering bodys bundle. Hawkins and Smith (2007) first introduced their model of training in the mid 80s. They later built up the model which concentrated on the mentor and coachee relationship from the beginning. Specifically, empowering the setting of clear guidelines while arranging the agreement. The CLEAR Model (Contracting, Listening, Exploring, Action, Review) was fundamentally the same as the GROW model in spite of the fact that not as confined and allows a degree of adaptability. There is more prominent accentuation on the input circle for the mentor and coachee. In view of the eliteness of writing, just slight reference is made to comparative regions of study. It is clear that this model has had an impact on further training models. Spece and Oades (2011 p38) note that a significant number of the instructing studies and surveys, impacts a variety of mental qualities and procedures. They likewise see that a significant part of the writing, when talking about training, raise the worry to utilizing intellectual social instructing, persuasive meeting and enthusiastic knowledge. McMahon (2007) was a prime supporter of the psychological social instructing model. Her model focussed on a non-order type of addressing which empowered a person to become mindful of their feelings. This model has been widely guessed and explored with most by far being experimental. Tragically, it is just intended to be utilized over a brief timeframe, however empowered just a skilled professional to form a person into recognizing critical thinking objectives. In any case this addressed individual issues yet it didn't consider the necessities of the foundations targets. There is also across the board accord and thoughts with regards to what training and tutoring is or what makes a decent mentor. The Institute of Leadership and Management Creating an instructing society Report (2011) inspected the connection between who directs the training and what is training best practice. See figure 1 underneath. They found that in spite of the fact that line chiefs are the favored decision, they don't really cause the best mentors as this will to forestall the accomplishment of the mediation gave. Lamentably most of their examination to date utilizes just a little quantities of members and makes investigation testing. Figure 1 Who embraces instructing? Figure taken from the Institute of Leadership Management Creating a training society Report May 2011 The normal director/mentor, so as to be effective, requires some type of insight, information that they should convey well, comprehend their subordinates or friends and act properly. These abilities are acquired as well as must be supported after some time. Enthusiastic knowledge, as it is alluded to, requires the administrator to have compassion, duty, activity and mindfulness. To realize yourself sincerely empowers a person to modify their conduct towards others. Sterrett (2006) endeavors to acquaint this idea with the individuals who are occupied with instructing and coaching. Divider (2006, p68) alludes to a key parts of a mentor or guide as being passionate Intelligent which, alludes to an assortment of individual and relational abilities that have tremendous effect on a people achievement. To be sure instructing must currently incorporate this component as it can permit the mentor to draw in at an individual level and guide the coachee to set their objectives connected to their very own qualities. Subsequently the coachee is bound to purchase in and seek after this relationship if the change matters to them. With all positives there can be a negative as Alexander (2011) then again offers another angle to the utilization of passionate knowledge. She contends when enthusiastic insight is utilized it can likewise give an individual the scholarly preferred position and can be utilized to control, control and scare. Anyway the article utilizes emotive language. It is deficient in fairness and doesn't create any solid proof. The result is she tends to over accentuate the negative part. The McLeod and Thomas (2010) model of training, the STEPPA Model (Subject, Target objective, Emotion, Perception, Plan

Malt Liquor Consumers Drink More and More Often

Malt Liquor Consumers Drink More and More Often Addiction Alcohol Use Print Why Malt Liquor Consumers Drink More Often By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on April 06, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 blue jean images / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Malt liquor is not your average beer. Typically malt liquor beverages have a higher percentage of alcohol content, are sold in larger containers, and are sold at a lower price per volume than the average beer. Compared to a standard drink, the typical malt liquor beverage is off the scale. The average malt liquor beer can average 80% more alcohol content than the usual 12-ounce beer. Because malt liquor represents a quick, cheap alcohol buzz, the beverages have been traditionally targeted at lower-income, minority communities. In fact, one study found that malt liquor drinkers are more likely to be homeless, unemployed, on public assistance, compared to regular beer drinkers. The study also found they also tend to drink more alcohol, and drink more often than other types of drinkers. Consume More Alcohol Per Drink Measuring malt liquor beer consumption is difficult because malt liquor beers differ from other beer beverages in two important aspects: container size and alcohol content by volume, said Ricky Bluthenthal, assistant professor at Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science and corresponding author for the study. We found that the combination of these differences resulted in the average malt liquor drinker in our study consuming 80% more alcohol per drink than the average regular beer drinker. Although we did not report consequences in this paper, typically the more alcohol consumed the greater the probability of negative alcohol-related consequences for an individual and their community. Increased Risk of Problems Malt liquor beers can be sold in containers as large as 40-ounce bottles, or forties as they are referred to, said Rhonda Jones-Webb, associate professor in the School of Public Health at the University of Minnesota. Forties are commonly sold chilled and wrapped in brown paper bags for immediate consumption, and independent web sites devoted to malt liquor as well as rap lyrics and movie scripts encourage chugging the bottles before they get warm. The combined effects of higher alcohol content, larger serving size, and faster consumption can result in higher blood alcohol levels, an increased risk of aggressive behavior, and other alcohol-related problems. A Sign of Masculinity? Jones-Webb said that malt liquor beers are largely targeted to African American and Hispanic youth, and young adults. Malt liquor brands such as Steel Reserve, Hurricane, Magnum, and Panther are used by the alcohol industry to connote power and machismo and lure youth and young adults into the market. Rap artists have been popular images in malt liquor advertising and gangsta rap performers portray malt liquor as a sign of masculinity. The targeting of minority youth for malt liquor sales is of particular concern because alcohol advertising has been shown to influence the brand choice, and brand choices during youth can influence beverage choices as adults. South Los Angeles Study To find out more about malt liquor drinkers, the researchers went to the streets conducting face-to-face interviews with 329 drinkers recruited from randomly selected alcohol outlets in South Los Angeles. The investigators gathered information on the drinkers socio-demographic characteristics, alcohol-use history, drinking patterns, and drinking context. Based on previous research, said Bluthenthal, we know that malt liquor beers, because of price per volume and availability, are likely to be more attractive to lower-income drinkers. In addition, advertising and popular culture references to malt liquor beers are more prevalent in media that are likely to be seen or used by African Americans. In short, south Los Angeles seemed to fit the profile we needed. Malt Liquor Drinking Patterns The sub-sample that reported drinking in the previous 90 days (n297) was 88 percent African American, 72 percent male, and 35 percent unemployed. Compared to regular beer and hard-liquor consumers, malt liquor beer drinkers were: More likely to be homelessMore likely to receive public assistance for housingLess likely to be employedReported significantly higher rates of daily or near-daily drinkingReported more drinks per day on drinking daysReported higher daily average alcohol consumptionMore likely to smoke while drinkingMore likely drink with same-sex friendsMore likely to drink outdoors Drinking More Hazardous Amounts The drinking levels we observed among malt liquor beer consumers were on average higher than the amount of alcohol consumed by individuals who are entering alcohol treatment programs, said Bluthenthal. The study also confirms that malt liquor beers are consumed in potentially more hazardous amounts and settings than regular beers and that grouping malt liquor beer drinkers with regular beer drinkers are likely to result in underestimates of alcohol consumed among malt liquor beer drinkers as well as the consequences of this consumption.

Are Imports Destroying The United Sates Economy - 1413 Words

Nicci Johnson Mrs. Jenkins Humanities 01 9 November 2015 Are imports destroying the United Sates Economy? Exports and imports, which typically defines foreign trade, are the exchange of goods and services between nations and countries. The expression â€Å"send out† intends to do or offer abroad while as â€Å"import† is to convey in or purchase from abroad. There are numerous purposes behind exporting and importing. For instance, nations send out products on the off chance that it is one of the world’s couple of suppliers, in the event that it delivers the stock at a lower expense than alternate nations, or if it’s merchandise are popular on account of its extraordinary quality. While as a nation imports on the off chance that it does not have the sure item. The United States has laws regarding what’s imported; however, the United States government should regulate imports more heavily because it increases job opportunities, provides a variety of clothing from different countries and drastically increases revenue. Many critics might argue that the United States government should not regulate imports more heavily because it is bad for the United States economy. According to (insert source), a year ago the United States gross domestic product was almost $15.7 trillion, as per the Bureau of Economic Analysis. This was the consequence of the expansion of around $2.18 trillion in fares and the subtraction of $2.75 trillion in imports. As an aftereffect of this, numerous make theShow MoreRelatedCountries Through Out The World Import And Export1518 Words   |  7 PagesCountries through out the world import and export. 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Exploring one of the Greatest Theorists of his Time...

Exploring one of the Greatest Theorists of his Time: Charles Darwin Our Society depends upon science, and yet to so many of us what scientists do is a mystery. The sciences are not just collections of facts, but are ordered by theory; which is why Einstein could say that science was a free creation of the human mind. (Bowler) Charles Darwin is one of the most famous scientists and theorists who had ever lived. Darwin has been written from his background to his evolutionary theory and on the reception of Darwins ideas in his own time and in the years after his death. (Bowler) Everybody connects Darwin with the theory that all organisms are descended from a common ancestor, and many know that he was by no means the first to say so.†¦show more content†¦His apprenticeship did not last too long due to his weak stomach at the site of blood. Darwin met a freed slave named John Edmonstone, he taught Darwin how to stuff and mount birds. Shortly thereafter he joined the Plinian Society. 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Frederick Herzberg came up with his finding Free Essays

Frederick Herzberg came up with his findings on satisfaction, which he published in his book â€Å"The Motivation to Work,† in 1959 (NetMBA [no date]). He conducted series of interviews where â€Å"employees were asked what pleased and displeased them about their work† (NetMBA [no date]). After analyzing the gathered data, he came up with the six top factors in the work environment that cause dissatisfaction, or the hygiene factors, and the top six factors that cause satisfaction, or the motivation factors. We will write a custom essay sample on Frederick Herzberg came up with his finding or any similar topic only for you Order Now When the following factors are absent, there is dissatisfaction: (a) Company policy, (b) Supervision, (c) Relationship with Boss, (d) Work Conditions, (e) Salary, and (f) Relationship with peers (NetMBA [no date]). However, it is to be noted that the presence or maintenance of these factors does not necessarily mean satisfaction but would only mean that there is no dissatisfaction (NetMBA [no date]). If supervision will be maintained at the minimum level, it does not necessarily mean that the employee will gain satisfaction in his job. Furthermore, it could be noticed that these factors are external to the job itself and to the worker. These are things which are dependent on a lot of other things aside from the worker and the job. The factors that lead to satisfaction are as follows: (a) Achievement, (b) Recognition, (c) Work itself, (d) Responsibility, (e) Advancement, and (f) Growth (NetMBA [no date]). Similar to the factors that lead to dissatisfaction, the absence of one of these six factors does not necessarily lead to dissatisfaction but would only mean that there is no satisfaction felt. It is to be noted that Herzberg does not meant these two sets of factors to be of the opposite poles but he meant it to live on two different sticks. It is best to make an illustration of this for better understanding. Here, it is easy to pinpoint what happens when the two set of factors are present and absent or maintained and not maintained. Reading the second column downwards, motivating factors bring satisfaction when these are present. With their absence, no satisfaction is felt but this does not necessarily mean that the employee is dissatisfied. On the third column, when the hygiene factors are not maintained to a desired level or are absent, this leads to dissatisfaction. Their presence or maintenance, on the other hand, would bring no dissatisfaction but does not necessarily mean that satisfaction is achieved. Somehow, it gives much sense that this theory provides certain implications for management of human resources. This theory pinpoints how the level of confidence or satisfaction of employees can be boosted or how their morale, for that matter, can be placed at a higher level. The human resources manager, aided with this theory, may at the very least, be able to identify soft spots where improvements could be made for the employees to feel satisfied with their jobs. The sets of factors mentioned above could be a starting point for bringing in satisfaction and for boosting the morale of the employees. More specifically, the manager could concentrate on addressing the hygiene factors and keeping it at a level that leaves no dissatisfaction for the employees and raising up the motivation factors to bring in satisfaction. This way, it could also be a precursor for higher levels of morale for the employees. Further, Herzberg did not leave the study without strategies for bringing in the much-desired satisfaction for employees. One of his suggestions was job enlargement for employees. Job enlargement, in human resource management, may be taken as the horizontal expansion of a certain job. For example, a secretary who has the job duties of answering phone calls and making appointments to clients may be given a new task of organizing the incoming and outgoing files. Giving more tasks of the same nature and would fit the job title would fall under the category of job enlargement. It is like adding more chocolate to the chocolate. This is not the same as job enrichment, which is adding the almonds and fruits to the chocolate. To this, the technique that leads to job satisfaction can be identified and is through the combination of high hygiene and high motivation (Anon. [no date]). This means eliminating the causes of dissatisfaction to a point where there is â€Å"no dissatisfaction† felt by the employees (Anon. [no date]). Subsequently, the company can inject the motivation factors to lead the people to become highly-motivated employees (Anon. [no date]). The two-factor theory of job satisfaction may have took off from and have similarities with the Hierarchy of Needs by Abraham Maslow as it also pertains to (a) physiological, (b) security and safety, (c) love and feelings of belonging, (d) competence, prestige, and esteem, (e) self-fulfillment, and (f) curiosity and the need to understand (Anon. 2005). This theory does not escape the criticisms because there are loopholes or gaps that are left unfilled. This theory does not take into consideration the fact that people may not consider the same set of hygiene and motivation factors because they might have different needs and achievements. Moreover, it does not take into consideration the nature of corporations because the motivation factors can not be introduced such as the call centers where the hierarchy is vey flat and job enlargement is not very much possible because of the high division of labor. References Anonymous. (no date). Two Factor Theory – Herzberg, Frederick. Available from: http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_herzberg_two_factor_theory.html [Accessed 29 December 2007]. Anonymous. 2005. Motivation. Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2006 [CD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation. [Accessed 29 December 2007]. NetMBA. (no date). Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory (Two Factor Theory). Available from: http://www.netmba.com/mgmt/ob/motivation/herzberg/ [Accessed: 29 December 2007]. How to cite Frederick Herzberg came up with his finding, Essay examples

Spirits of the Past free essay sample

I was once told by my parents that there were no such things as ghosts. It didn’t take me long to see otherwise. When I was eight years old, I visited the Detroit Institute of Arts (DIA) for the first time while on a field trip with my elementary school. Since my sense of direction left much to be desired, I got lost about five minutes into the tour. Completely confused, I wandered into an interesting-looking exhibit, which I later learned housed an impressive collection of Greco-Roman statues. At that time, however, they just looked like gigantic people frozen in place. But what was freezing them? While sane people would point out the obvious fact that those statues were made of rocks and thereby could not act as normal people could, my eight-year-old mind (which, trust me, was never very level-headed to begin with) immediately began perceiving these artifacts as alive. We will write a custom essay sample on Spirits of the Past or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What ensued was a daytime version of â€Å"Night At The Museum.† A disembodied head of a man in a Greek helmet began smiling at me, the people engraved on an artsy looking box started dancing with their swords, and a shiny, white-sculpted man rattled his pedestal and flexed his muscles. At this point, unaware that I was hallucinating, I ran away extremely frightened and with wet eyes and wet pants. After I was sent home for insubordination since I â€Å"chose† to abandon my school group in an art museum, I realized something very important about my visions. Despite all the weird things I had seen the statues do, none of them ever spoke to me! From then on, I became obsessed with the question, If these ancient sculptures could speak, what stories would they tell? What would the figures on the aforementioned box (which, I later found out, is a Greek sarcophagus dating back to 100 BCE) have seen and experienced during the 2000-plus years they have been in existence? When I asked my parents this, they told me to go back to doing my math homework so that I could one day become a mechanical engineer just like my father. Ugh! Regardless of my parents’ apathy, I was determined to know more about these age-old relics. I begged my mom to take me back to the DIA so I could take notes on all the artifacts in the exhibit. I also visited my local library to read up and gather more data on the contents of the museum. In fact, after gaining knowledge – like the fact that the bust of the head with the helmet that was from ancient Corinth, and that the acclaimed Hellenistic Greek sculptor Alexandros of Antioch may have helped design the engraved sarcophagus – I presented my findings for show-and-tell in my third grade class, presided over by the same teacher who had thrown me out of the museum two weeks before! The presentation went beautifully and when my teacher asked what inspired me to do so much extracurricular work, I honestly declared that it was all because she sent me home for â€Å"not following directions† and that if the rest of the class wanted to sound smart like me, they sh ould consider doing exactly what I did on the next field trip. The entire class roared with laughter – except for my teacher, of course. Ever since the ghosts of those ancient artifacts communed with me all those years ago, my desire to study history has gripped my spirit with a tenacity unlike anything I have ever experienced. I fully intend to pursue my historical aspirations in college because I will be able to interact with scholars much more historically inclined than my third grade teacher, and I will enjoy every day of learning. I have always been exceptionally curious, and when it comes to history, no piece of knowledge – however insignificant or risky to obtain – will ever escape my notice. Author’s Note: This college essay was arguably my most personal. It is amazingly a true story and helped me get into college programs at the University of Michigan, Cornell University, and Dartmouth College.